MOTORLAB
University
of Pittsburgh
Image Caption Speed representation in M1 cells during drawing. Monkeys were trained to draw sinusoids with their index fingers. 357 M1 single units were recorded individually across recording sessions in which the same tasks were performed. Each unit was fit with a cosine tuning function. Residual discharge rates not explained by the tuning function were calculated and plotted against speed in portions of the task in which the finger moved within 45 degrees of each unit�s preferred direction. Large modulation depth (peak vs trough of the sinusoid) and large residual rates corresponded to high finger speeds (Schwartz, J Neuophys, 1992).

PUBLICATIONS


2021

Chandrasekaran S, Fifer M, Bickel S, Osborn L, Herrero J, Christie B, Xu J, Murphy RKJ, Singh S, Glasser MF, Collinger JL, Gaunt R, Mehta AD, Schwartz A, Bouton CE
Historical perspectives, challenges, and future directions of implantable brain-computer interfaces for sensorimotor applications
Bioelectron Med. 7(1):14
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2019

Kennedy SD, Schwartz AB
Distributed processing of movement signaling
Proc Natl Acad Sci
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Kennedy SD, Schwartz AB
Stiffness as a control factor for object manipulation
J Neurophysiol 122(2):707-720
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Williams JJ, Watson AM, Vazquez AL, Schwartz AB
Viral-mediated optogenetic stimulation of peripheral motor nerves in non-human primates
Front Neurosci 13:759
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Suway SB, Schwartz AB
Activity in primary motor cortex related to visual feedback
Cell Rep 29(12):3872-3884
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2018

Collinger, JL, Gaunt, RA, Schwartz AB
Progress towards restoring upper limb movement and sensation through intracortical brain-computer interfaces
Curr Opin Biomed Eng 8(84-92)
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Inoue Y, Mao H, Suway SB, Orellana J, Schwartz AB
Decoding arm speed during reaching
Nature Comm 9(1):5243
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Downey, JE, Schwed, N, Chase, SM, Schwartz, AB, Collinger, JL
Intracortical recording stability in human brain-computer interface users
J Neural Eng 15(4)
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Suway, SB, Orellana J, McMorland, AJC, Fraser, GW, Liu, Z, Velliste, M, Chase, SM, Kass, RE, Schwartz, AB
Temporally Segmented Directionality in the Motor Cortex
Cereb Cortex 28(7):2326-2339, doi: 10.1093
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2017

Nordin, AD, Rymer WZ, Biewener, AA, Schwartz, AB, Chen, D, Horak, FB
Biomechanics and neural control of movement, 20 years later: what have we learned and what has changed?
J Neuroeng Rehab, 14(1):9 Review
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Rasmussen, RG, Schwartz, AB, Chase, SM
Dynamic range adaptation in primary motor cortical populations
eLife, 6
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2016

Williams, JJ, Tien RN, Inoue Y, Schwartz AB
Idle state classification using spiking activity and local field potentials in a brain computer interface
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc,1572-1575
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Flesher, SN, Collinger JL, Foldes, ST, Weiss, JM, Downey, JE, Tyler-Kabara, EC, Bensmaia, SJ, Schwartz, AB, Boninger, ML, Gaunt, RA
Intracortical microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex
Sci Transl Med 8(361)
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Downey, JE, Weiss JM, Muelling, K, Venkatraman, A, Valois, J-S, Hebert, M, Bagnell, JA, Schwartz, AB, Collinger, JL
Blending of brain-machine interface and vision-guided autonomous robotics improves neuroprosthetic arm performance during grasping
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 13(28)
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2015

Schwartz A
The promise of neurotechnology
Science, 350(6256), pg. 11, 2015
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Schwartz A
Movement: How the Brain Communicates with the World
Cell 164, 1122-1135, 2016
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Muelling K, Venkatraman A, Valois J-S, Downey J, Weiss J, Javdani S, Hebert M, Schwartz AB, Collinger JL, Bagnell JA
Autonomy Infused Teleoperation with Application to BCI Manipulation
Robotics: Science and Systems, 2015
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Castellanos L, Vu VQ, Perel S, Schwartz AB, Kass RE
A multivariate gaussian process factor model for hand shape during reach-to-grasp movements
Statistica Sinica, 2015
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Wodlinger B, Downey JE, Tyler-Kabara EC, Schwartz AB, Boninger ML, Collinger JL
Ten-dimensional anthropomorphic arm control in a human brain-machine interface: difficulties, solutions, and limitations
J. Neural Eng. 12(1), 2015
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2014

Golub MD, Yu BM, Schwartz AB, Chase SM
Motor cortical control of movement speed with implications for brain-machine interface control
J. Neurophysiol. 112(2):411-429, 2014
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Perel S, Schwartz AB, Ventura V
Single-Snippet Analysis for Detection of Postspike Effects
Neural Computation 26, 40�56 (2014) doi:10.1162/NECO_a_00531
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Velliste M, Kennedy SD, Schwartz AB, Whitford AS, Sohn J-W, McMorland AJC
Motor cortical correlates of arm resting in the context of a reaching task, and implications for prosthetic control
J. Neurosci, 23 April 2014, 34(17):6011-6022; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3520-13.2014
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Perel S, Schwartz AB, Ventura V
Automatic scan test for detection of functional connectivity between cortex and muscles
J Neurophysiol. 2014 Jul 15;112(2):490-9. doi: 10.1152/jn.00800.2011. Epub 2014 Apr 23
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2013

Wang W, Collinger JL, Degenhart AD, Tyler-Kabara EC, Schwartz AB, Moran DW, Weber DJ, Wodlinger B, Vinjamuri RK, Ashmore RC, Kelly JW, Boninger ML
An Electrocorticographic Brain Interface in an Individual with Tetraplegia.
PLoS One 8:epub55344 (2013)
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Boninger M, Mitchell G, Tyler-Kabara E, Collinger J, Schwartz AB
Neuroprosthetic control and tetraplegia - Authors'reply.
Lancet 381:1900-1 (2013)
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2012

Collinger JL, Wodlinger B, Downey JE, Wang W, Tyler-Kabara EC, Weber DJ, McMorland AJC, Velliste M, Boninger ML, Schwartz AB
High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individualwith tetraplegia.
Lancet 6736:61816-61819 (2012)
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Chase SM, Kass RE, Schwartz AB
Behavioral and neural correlates of visuomotor adaptation observed through a brain-computer interface in primary motor cortex
J Neurophysiol. 2012 Jul;108(2):624-44 (2012)
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Fraser GW, Schwartz AB
Recording from the same neurons chronically in motor cortex
J Neurophysiol. 2012 Apr;107(7):1970-8 (2012)
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Velliste M, McMorland AJC, Diril E, Clanton ST, Schwartz AB
State-Space Control of Prosthetic Hand Shape.
IEEE EMBS Conference. 964-7 (2012)
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Zhang Y, Schwartz AB, Chase SM, Kass RE
Bayesian Learning in Assisted Brain-Computer Interface Tasks.
IEEE EMBS Conference. 2740-3 (2012)
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2011

Chase SM, Schwartz AB
Inference from populations: going beyond models
Prog Brain Res. 2011;192:103-12 (2011)
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2010

Chase SM, Schwartz AB, Kass RE
Latent inputs improve estimates of neural encoding in motor cortex
J Neurosci. 2010 Oct 13;30(41):13873-82 (2010)
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Wang W, Collinger JL, Perez MA, Tyler-Kabara EC, Cohen LG, Birbaumer N, Brose SW, Schwartz AB, Boninger ML, Weber DJ
Neural interface technology for rehabilitation: exploiting and promoting neuroplasticity
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2010 Feb;21(1):157-78 (2010)
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Legenstein R, Chase S, Schwartz AB, Maass W
A reward-modulated Hebbian learning rule can explain experimentally observed network reorganization in a brain control task.
J. Neurosci. 30:8400-10, (2010)
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2009

Koyama S, Chase SM, Whitford AS, Velliste M, Schwartz AB, Kass RE
Comparison of brain-computer interface decoding algorithms in open-loop and closed-loop control
J Comput Neurosci. 29:73-87 (2009)
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Fraser GW, Chase SM, Whitford A, Schwartz AB
Control of a brain-computer interface without spike sorting
J Neural Eng. 2009 Oct;6(5):055004 (2009)
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Chase SM, Schwartz AB, Kass RE
Bias, optimal linear estimation, and the differences between open-loop simulation and closed-loop performance of spiking-based brain-computer interface algorithms
Neural Netw. 2009 Nov;22(9):1203-13 (2009)
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Wang W, Degenhart AD, Collinger JL, Vinjamuri R, Sudre GP, Adelson PD, Holder DL, Leuthardt EC, Moran DW, Boninger ML, Schwartz AB, Crammond DJ, Tyler-Kabara EC, Weber DJ
Human motor cortical activity recorded with Micro-ECoG electrodes, during individual finger movements.
ConfProc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 1:586-9 (2009)
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Vinjamuri R, Weber DJ, Degenhart AD, Collinger JL, Sudre GP, Adelson PD, Holder DL, Boninger ML, Schwartz AB, Crammond DJ, Tyler-Kabara EC, Wang W
A fuzzy logic model for hand posture control using human cortical activity recorded by micro-ECog electrodes.
ConfProc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 1:4339-42 (2009)
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2008

Jarosiewicz B, Chase SM, Fraser GW, Velliste M, Kass RE, Schwartz AB
Functional network reorganization during learning in a brain-computer interface paradigm
PNAS. 105:19486-91 (2008)
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Meel Velliste, Sagi Perel, M. Chance Spalding, Andrew S. Whitford and Andrew B. Schwartz
Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding
Nature. 453:1098-1101 (2008)
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van Hemmen JL, Schwartz AB
Population vector code: a geometric universal as actuator.
Biol. Cybern., 98:509-518 (2008)
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2007

Schwartz AB
Useful signals from motor cortex
J Physiol. 2007 Mar 15;579(Pt 3):581-601 (2007)
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Brockwell AE, Kass RE and Schwartz AB
Statistical signal processing and the motor cortex.
Proc. IEEE, 95:881-898 (2007)
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2006

Schwartz AB, Cui XT, Weber DJ, Moran DW
Brain-controlled interfaces: movement restoration with neural prosthetics
Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1):205-20 (2006)
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Schwartz AB
Neurobiology: Crossed Circuits.
Nature (Commentary)444 :47-8 (2006)
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2004

Schwartz AB, Moran DW and Reina GA
Differential representation of perception and action in the frontal cortex
Science, 303:380-383 (2004)
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Schwartz, A.B.
Cortical neural prostheses
Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 27:487-507 (2004)
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2003

Helms Tillery SI, Taylor DM and Schwartz AB
Training in cortical control of neuroprosthetic devices improves signal extraction from small neuronal ensembles
Reviews in the Neurosciences, 14: 107-119 (2003)
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Taylor DM, Helms Tillery SI and Schwartz AB
Information conveyed through brain-control: Cursor versus robot
IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehab. Eng., 11: 195-199 (2003)
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Helms Tillery SI, Taylor DM, Schwartz AB
The general utility of a neuroprosthetic device under direct cortical control
Proceedings of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 25th International Conference, 2043-2046 (2003)
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Reina GA and Schwartz AB
Eye-hand coupling during closed-loop drawing: evidence of shared motor planning?
Human Movement Science 22(2):137-152 (2003)
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Schwartz AB and Wise SP
Motor cortex. In:Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 3rd Edition (CD-ROM). Adelman G. and Smith B.H., eds. Amsterdam
Elsevier Science, (2003)
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2002

Taylor DM, Helms Tillery SI, and Schwartz AB
Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices
Science 296: 1829-1832 (2002)
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2001

Schwartz AB, Taylor DM, and Helms Tillery SI
Extraction algorithms for cortical control of arm prosthetics
Curr. Opin. Neurobiology, 11: 701-707 (2001)
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Reina GA, Moran DW, and Schwartz AB
On the relationship between joint angular velocity and motor cortical discharge during reaching
J. Neurophysiol. 85:2576-2589 (2001)
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2000

Isaacs RE, Weber DJ, and Schwartz AB
Work Toward Real-Time Control of a Cortical Neural Prosthesis
IEEE Transactions in Rehabilitation Engineering. 8(2):196-198 (2000)
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Moran DW and Schwartz AB
One Motor Cortex, Two Different Views
Nature Neuroscience. 3(10):963 (2000)
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Schwartz AB and Moran DW
Arm trajectory and representation of movement processing in motor cortical activity.
Eur. J. Neurosci. 12:1851-1856 (2000)
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1999

Moran DW and Schwartz AB
Motor Cortical Representation of Speed and Direction During Reaching
J. Neurophysiol. 82:2676-2692 (1999)
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Moran DW and Schwartz AB
Motor Cortical Activity During Drawing Movements: Population Representation During Spiral Tracing
J. Neurophysiol. 82:2693-2704 (1999)
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Schwartz AB and Moran DW
Motor Cortical Activity During Drawing Movements: Population Response During Lemniscate Tracing
J. Neurophysiol. 82:2705-2718 (1999)
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1998

Si J, Kipke DR, Lin S, Schwartz AB and Perepelkin PD
Motor cortical information processing. In: H. Eichenbaum and J.L Davis (eds.), Strategies in the Study of Biological Neural Networks
Wiley-Liss, NY (1998)
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1997

Lin S, Si J and Schwartz AB
Self-organization of firing activities in monkey�s motor cortex: Trajectory computation from spike signals.
Neural Comp. 9, 607-621 (1997)S

1996

Hoffer JA, Stein RB, Haugland MK, Sinkjaer T, Dykes WK, Schwartz AB, Loeb GE, and Kantor C
Neural signals for command control and feedback in functional neuromuscular stimulation: a review.
J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 33: 145-157 (1996)
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Schwartz AB, Kipke DW and Perepelkin PD
Cortical control for prosthetic devices.
IEEE Proceedings, SPIE Conference on Smart Structures (1996)
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1995

Schwartz AB and Adams JL
A method for detecting the time course of correlation between single-unit activity and EMG during a behavioral task
J. Neurosci. Methods 58:127-141 (1995)
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Heetderks WJ, Schwartz AB
Command-control signals from the neural activity of motor cortical cells: Joy-stick control.
RESNA, 1995

Lin S, Si J and Schwartz AB
Self-organization of motor cortical discharge patterns.
ICANN (1995)

Yamaguchi GT, Kakavand A and Schwartz AB
Comparison of predicted and preferred arm configurations in a static and a dynamic task.
American Society of Biomechanics (1995)
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1994

Schwartz AB
Distributed motor processing in cerebral cortex
Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 4:840-846 (1994)
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Schwartz AB
Neuronal substrate for volitional movement
In: New Perspectives in the Control of the Reach to Grasp Movement. eds: K.M.B. Bennett and U. Castiello. Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 59-83 (1994)
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Schwartz AB
Direct cortical representation of drawing movements.
Science, 265: 540-543 (1994)
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1993

Schwartz AB
Motor cortical activity during drawing movements: Population representation during sinusoid tracing.
J. Neurophysiol. 70: 28-36 (1993)
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1992

Schwartz AB
Motor Cortical Activity During Drawing Movements: Single-Unit Activity During Sinusoid Tracing
J. Neurophysiol. 68(2):528-541 (1992)
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1990

Schwartz AB
Motor cortical activity during sinusoidal tracing.
IEEE Proceedings, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Vol. II, 681 (1990)
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1989

Georgopoulos AP, Lurito JT, Petrides M, Schwartz AB, and Massey JT
Mental Rotation of the Neuronal Population Vector
Science. 243:234-236. (1989)
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Georgopoulos AP, Crutcher MD, and Schwartz AB
Cognitive spatial-motor processes. 3. Motor cortical prediction of movement direction during an instructed delay period
Exp. Brain Res. 75:183-194. (1989)
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1988

Kettner RE, Schwartz AB, and Georgopoulos AP
Primate Motor Cortex and Free Arm Movements to Visual Targets in Three-Dimensional Space. III. Positional Gradients and Population Coding of Movement Direction from Various Movement Origins.
J. Neurosci. 8: 2938-2947 (1988)
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Georgopoulos, AP, Schwartz, AB and Kettner, RE
Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population.
J. Neurosci. 8: 2928-2937 (1988)
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Schwartz, AB, Kettner, RE and Georgopoulos, AP
Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. I. Relations between single cell discharge and direction of movement.
J. Neurosci. 8: 2913-2927 (1988)
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1987

Schwartz AB, Ebner TJ, and Bloedel TJ
Reponse of interposed and dentate neurons to pertubations of the locomotor cycle
Exp Brain Res. 67:323-338 (1987)
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1986

Massey JT, Schwartz AB, and Georgopoulos AP
On Information Processing and Performing a Movement Sequence
Exp. Brain Res. 15:242-251 (1986)
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Georgopoulos AP, Schwartz AB, and Kettner RE
Neuronal Population Coding of Movement Direction
Science. 233:1416-1419 (1986)
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1984

Ebner TJ, Bloedel JR, Vitek J and Schwartz AB
Modification of the stretch reflex in spastic monkeys by cerebellar stimulation.
In: R. Davis, J.R. Bloedel (eds.), Cerebellar Stimulation for Seizures and Spasticity.

1982

Ebner TJ, Bloedel JR, Vitek JL, and Schwartz AB
The effects of cerebellar stimulation on the stretch reflex in the spastic monkey
Brain. 105:425-442 (1982)
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1980

Ebner TJ, Vitek JL, Schwartz AB, and Bloedel JR
Effects of Cerebellar Stimulation on Abnormal Reflexes in Spastic Primates
Experimental Neurology,70,721-725 (1980)
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